Effects of airfoil-probe tubes on the flow field of a compressor cascade

To explore the effects of airfoil-probe tubes and its installment position on the flow field of the compressor cascade,and find out the mechanism that how the airfoil-probes affect the aerodynamic characteristics of the compressor cascade,this paper performed both numerical and experimental works on the same compressor cascade.The experiment mainly focused on the cases of low Mach number (Ma =0.1),and cases with different Mach numbers (0.1,0.3,0.7) and different incidence angles (-5,0,5) are investigated by the numerical method.The case without the airfoil-probe tube was referenced as the baseline,and other three cases with the airfoil-probe tubes installed in different chordwis positions (30％,50％,70％ of the chord length) were studied.The diameter of the airfoil-probe tube is 3ram,which is configured as 300％ amplification of some particular airfoil-probe according to the geometrical similarity principle.The results show that the airfoil-probe tubes have a negative influence on the flow capacity of the cascade at all investigation points.The separations and the large scale streamwise vortices that induced by the airfoil-probe tube on the pressure side cause most the losses at the high Mach number.The influence of the airfoil-probe tube on the flow field in the vicinity of the pressure side surface is local separation at the low Mach number.The airfoil-probe tubes also have a clearly effect on the leakage flow.It decreases the mass flow of the leakage flow and weakens the intensity of the leakage vortex,but enlarges the influence area.The total pressure loss of the case that the tube is installed at the half chordwise position is generally lower than other cases especially at the high Mach number,it can even decrease the losses compared with the basic case.     

水电站导流洞布置优化设计

随着我国经济的快速发展,我国的水电行业得到了飞速的发展。水电站是水电行业发展最为重要的基础设施,对其进行优化设计是非常重要的。某水电站是我国建设最为重要的水电设施之一,工程规模比较大。水电站初期设计有6条导流洞,进口闸室采用的是岸塔式结构。但是导流洞的洞线比较长,截流之前需要消耗较大的工程量,并且在进行导流洞施工时会和其他施工相互影响。所以为了确保工程能够按照要求完成,本文主要对水电站导流洞布置进行优化设计,希望能够对相关人士有所帮助。     

水电站施工度汛方案优化设计分析

随着经济的发展以及社会的进步,水电站在我国正逐渐得到越来越广泛的应用,在水电站的施工过程中,常常会遇到各种难以预料的情形,这就需要在设计方案的时候根据实际工作中的经验以及通过科学分析等方式得出的可能出现的状况进行种种提前的处理及解决方案。水电站的施工质量之所以需要得到严格把控,因为其质量对于水电站的功能能不能得到最大程度的发挥起着决定性的作用。正是因为上述原因,对于水电站施工必须层层把关,严格按照相关标准来进行,这样才能使得水电站工程的质量以及功能得到有效的保障与实施。本文对水电站施工过程中可能出现的与度汛有关的情形做了相关的总结,并结合实际经验根据度汛方案进行了一定的分析与探讨,希望能对实践起到一定的作用。     

大规模水电站群短期发电优化调度算法改进

大规模水电站群短期发电优化调度计算量大,实际应用中为满足计算过程和结果可复现需求,多采用各类改进动态规划算法,求解速度难以满足需求。对此,结合大规模水电站群短期发电优化调度模型,同时给定起始状态和最终状态的特性,分析了从起始状态和最终状态同时进行求解的可行性,提出了改进的双向动态规划并行解算方法,实例计算表明,应用此方法可使大规模流域水电站群短期发电优化调度计算速度提高一倍。研究成果可供类似工程参考。     

Combining Electricity and Fuel Supply: Operational Strategies for Biogas Plants

The operational consequences resulting from the combination of a flexibly operated combined heat and power unit (CHP) and an off‐grid biomethane filling station at one biogas plant were investigated. Four different operating scenarios were compared to evaluate the storage capacity needed to balance biogas demand fluctuations and biogas production. The scenario in which fuel production was given priority and electricity was produced within the remaining hours proved to cause the lowest additional costs since it does not require additional installation of biogas storage capacity and causes minor opportunity cost in electricity marketing. Giving fuel demand the priority reduces the necessary biogas storage capacity by 75 % compared to parallel optimization of the electricity and fuel demands.     

水电站地上式主变压器室散热分析及处理措施

水电站主变压器在运行过程中,如果不能及时散热,一旦环境温度超过了工作温度,则将对其工作性能产生影响。因此,为了保证主变压器能够安全稳定地运行,根据水电站地上式主变压器室的布置特点,经综合分析考虑,选取了3种夏季通风计算温度和3种容量的主变压器,对其自然通风散热情况进行计算,从而得到了在各种工况下自然通风洞的尺寸,以为水电站地上式主变压器室的通风方案设计提供参考。     

带气液分离器自动复叠系统中节流阀开度引起的混合工质浓度偏移(英文)

Auto cascade refrigeration (ACR) cycle with phase separators is widely used in the cryogenic system. The compo-sition of mixed refrigerant has a great effect on the performance of the system. Based on the assumption of infinite volume of phase separator, ACR system with one phase separator is simulated in this paper. The variation of refrigerant composition under different valves opening is obtained. A related experimental system is set up to verify the variation. The result shows that when the valve opening connected to the evaporator increases or the valve opening under the phase separator decreases, the low-boiling component concentration of the working mixture passing through the compressor and condenser increases, while the high-boiling component concentra-tion decreases. Furthermore, the variations of condensation pressure and evaporation pressure under different valves opening are also observed. This paper is helpful to deepen the understanding of ACR system.     

水电施工远程视频诊断的无线网络规划与应用

为满足水利水电工程远程视频诊断的需求，提出一种适用于偏远山区的无线网络规划方案。介绍了网络规划中，查勘选址的原则，Mesh多频组网的覆盖方式，链路预算和仿真设备选型，以及通过调整天线高度、下倾角和方向角等手段对网络进行优化的方法。规划方案成功应用于乌东德水电站施工现场，现场骨干网络达到1.4Gbps，满足了后方对高清视频诊断的需求。相较于传统的有线网络、卫星通讯和3G通讯方式，该网络成本更低，建设便捷，更适于偏远山区。     

2D Enzyme Cascade Network with Efficient Substrate Channeling by Swinging Arms

In living cells, compartmentalized or membrane‐associated enzymes are often assembled into large networks to cooperatively catalyze cascade reaction pathways essential for cellular metabolism. Here, we report the assembly of an artificial 2D enzyme network of two cascade enzymes—glucose‐6‐phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PDH) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH)—on a wireframe DNA origami template. Swinging arms were used to facilitate the transport of the redox intermediate of NAD⁺/NADH between enzyme pairs on the array. The assemblies of 2D enzyme networks were characterized by gel electrophoresis and visualized by atomic force microscopy (AFM). The spatial arrangements of multiple enzyme pairs were optimized to facilitate efficient substrate channeling by exploiting the programmability of DNA origami to manipulate the key parameters of swinging arm length and stoichiometry. Compared with a single enzyme pair, the 2D organized enzyme systems exhibited higher reaction efficiency due to the promoted transfer of intermediates within the network.     

Approximate analytical expressions for pulse modulation response of quantum cascade lasers

Approximate analytical expressions for turn-on delay, rise time and fall time for pulse modulation of the drive current of quantum cascade lasers are presented. These time expressions are obtained using piece-wise analysis of rate equations. From the analytical expressions, the effects of laser parameters and off and on currents are discussed. A numerical analysis shows reasonable agreement with analytical results. It also confirms the predictions from analytical results. The pulse response is compared with that of near-infrared interband lasers.